What in the World Is God Doing?
Some Practical Suggestions for Pastors
“In the days ahead we must not consider it unpatriotic to
raise certain basic questions about our national character. We must begin to
ask, ‘Why are there forty million poor people in a nation overflowing with such
unbelievable affluence? Why has our nation placed itself in the position of
being God’s military agent on earth...? Why have we substituted the arrogant
undertaking of policing the whole world for the high task of putting our own
house in order?’”
—Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Where Do We
Go from Here? p. 151
“In every Christian tradition and in every continent we are
still in the midst of a movement to reformulate a theology of mission in the
light of an authentic eschatology.”
—David J. Bosch, Transforming Mission:
Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1991),
p. 508
Whatever you do ... : "I was hungry – and your
sanctions kept food from my table; I was thirsty – and your depleted uranium
poisoned my water system; I was ill – and you gave just one bag of serum for
three of us. Amen. I say to you – whatever you do for the people of Iraq – you
do it for me." [Adapted from Matt. 25:31-46; posted at
http://www.domlife.org/nowariraqconf.html]
by Loren L. Johns, Academic Dean
Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary
The Problem
The world seems headed for war in a way unprecedented since World War 2. Some
Christians welcome these developments, since they seem to fit several popular
visions of the end times. If war is the inevitable means of passage through the
acts of God in the end times, should not Christians welcome and even encourage
this development? This would seem to be the message of the Left Behind Series,
the most widely read Christian fiction series of all time. But how should
the faithful church today respond to the challenges of terrorism and war today?
Is war part of the missio Dei? For pastors caught between a president
seemingly bent on war and parishioners who thank God for these developments, I
would like to suggest some alternative theological and scriptural resources.
The three sections below are entitled, Terrorism
and War, Eschatology, and the
Book of Revelation. What, you may ask, do
these topics have in common? For some the answer is obvious: The terrorism and
war we are experiencing are inevitable as God works his purposes out at the end
of history. In fact, to resist war in Iraq is to resist the plan of God, since
it is part of the eschatology laid out in the Book of Revelation that terrorism
and war would accompany the acts of God at the end of time. For some Christians,
however, this connection is anything but self-evident and they see the likes of
Mark Hitchcock, Jerry Jenkins, Tim LaHaye, and Hal Lindsay as kooks, rather than
people to take seriously.
Terrorism and War
- How can the church respond faithfully to the challenges of terrorism in
today's world? This is the central question of this April-June 2002
MCC Peace Section
Newsletter, which contains several helpful articles by J. Robert Charles,
Yousef Daneshvar, Duane K. Friesen, Hansulrich Gerber, Lydia Harder, Jon
Hoover, Duane Ruth-Heffelbower, Gerald Schlabach, Wallace and Evelyn
Shellenberger, and others.
- Preaching Peace: "Preaching
peace has become a dangerous occupation in our world." This web site consists
of a set of reflections on the texts of the Revised Common Lectionary informed
by a study of Rene Girard’s work and the exegesis of Jeff Krantz and Michael
Hardin.
- Terrorism, War, and Peace:
A collection of resources for prayer, study, and worship in times of terrorism
and war, especially with regard to the current Iraq crisis.
- Action points
offered by Sojourners: Christians for Justice and Peace, designed to
empower Christians to take action for peace: war is not the answer!
- "A Seventh-day
Adventist Call for Peace." This statement was voted during the Spring
Meeting of the General Conference Executive Committee on April 18, 2002, in
Silver Spring, Maryland.
- An
appeal from the Lutheran Peace Fellowship to speak out against U.S.
military action in Iraq: "we ask you to join your fellow citizens in speaking
out against this war, and insisting that our government be responsive to its
citizens, and responsible in its international relations. Our faith empowers
us to join with others to take a stand against all violence, in particular,
military action in Iraq. There is an alternative to violence or passivity:
Jesus' Third Way of caring, nonviolent discipleship."
- Bishop C. Dale White calls
United Methodists to witness for peace: "Once again we are a nation
bedeviled by the ancient curse of war hysteria. Once again in this holy
season, the followers of the Prince of Peace are called to a courageous
witness for a just peace. We are stewards of the cosmic dream of the Creator
God for shalom on planet earth. Surely this is a 'kairos' moment for Christian
peacemakers. Since the end of the Cold War, it has proven difficult to arouse
anyone’s interest in matters of war and peace. Suddenly a 'teachable moment'
has been forced upon the church. Many United Methodists have been asking for
guidance from their leaders. They want to know: What does the church teach
about war and peace? What is the United Methodist heritage?
- A Pastoral
Letter on Iraq: Sharon A. Brown Christopher, President of the Council,
writes (October 4, 2002): "Dear United Methodist Sisters and Brothers in
Faith: As the president of Council of Bishops, I write to you with a sense of
urgency about the present perilous state of our world. I do so because (1) the
Gospel of peace needs to be heard; (2) our United Methodist Social Principles
offer guidance, and (3) our General Conference expects the Council of Bishops
to 'speak to the Church and from the Church to the world.' Nothing could be
clearer than that the Gospel of Christ is a Gospel of peace. Jesus rejects the
violent response to evil."
- Resources from the Peace
and Justice Support Network of Mennonite Church USA to help North American
Mennonites, Brethren in Christ, and other Christians understand the current
crisis with respect to Iraq. See also
"Mennonite
Responses to Terrorism and Possible War with Iraq." See also the
practical suggestions from
Madison Mennonite Church (Wisconsin) on how to oppose U.S. military action
in Iraq. A collection of
other practical peacemaking suggestions opposing the war in Iraq, gathered
by J. Daryl Byler.
MCC
resources on sanctions against Iraq and threats of war with Iraq.
- See the Resources for
Reflection and Action as the United States Debates Waging War on Iraq by
the Presbyterian Peacemaking
Program of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
- The United
States Conference of Catholic Bishops urges Christians from across the United
States to urge their Member of Congress and President Bush to work with
other world leaders to find the will and the ways to step back from the brink
of war with Iraq and work to fashion an effective global response to Iraq's
known threats that both recognizes legitimate self defense and conforms to
traditional moral limits on the use of military force. See also their November
2002 "Statement on Iraq."
- An open letter to
President Bush from an ecumenical coalition of American evangelicals: "We
oppose on moral grounds the United States taking further military action
against Iraq now."
Eschatology
Eschatology in the narrow sense has to do with the events of the end times.
However, it is often used to speak more widely of God's activity in this world,
including how the vision of the end can already affect the present. Some
suggested resources:
- "Facing Revelation’s
Beasts: The Opportunities and Challenges of Pastoral Ministry at the Edge of
History," by Loren L. Johns, a chapter in
Apocalypticism and
Millennialism: Shaping a Believers Church Eschatology for the Twenty-First
Century, ed. Loren L. Johns (Pandora
Press, 2000).
"This book is terra firma for any scholar or pastor
dealing with the tidal wave of apocalyptic broadcasts and publications
sweeping across North America. ... Here is something solid for the future:
careful scholarship, clear presentation, and faith that rings true to the
hope of the gospel."
—J. Nelson Kraybill, Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary
"This splendid volume will be of great help to any in
search of true and faithful Christian convictions about the end. I wish it
had been available when I wrote my Systematic Theology. It sets a standard
by which future Protestant and Catholic compilations on last things can
measure themselves."
—James Wm. McClendon Jr., Fuller Theological
Seminary
"Every pastor and college
teacher should get this book."
—Walter Klaassen, Conrad Grebel University College
- "Armageddon Anxiety and
Satan’s Six-Pack: A Pastoral Response," by John Dey, pastor at Grace
Mennonite Church, Pandora, Ohio. This article attempts to provide some
practical suggestions for pastors who wish to preach biblical sermons of hope
in the light of Christ's Second Coming. This is another chapter in
Apocalypticism and
Millennialism: Shaping a Believers Church Eschatology for the Twenty-First
Century, ed. Loren L. Johns (Pandora
Press, 2000).
- "Eschatology, End
Times, and Millennialism: Competing Theories," by B. A. Robinson. Since
competing theories about eschatology and millennialism have led to some of the
most heated debates and the bitterest of conflicts between Christians in the last 150 years,
Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
has put together this helpful primer on the basic vocabulary and concepts
related to eschatology. For another primer, see
this site.
- "The Left Behind
Series: Description and Critique," by Loren Johns. Is the Left Behind
Series essentially faithful to the biblical vision of the end times? Here is
one attempt to answer that question from a biblical and Anabaptist-Mennonite
perspective.
- "'Left
Behind?' or 'Right Ahead!' A Wesleyan Perspective on Eschatology, and the
Difference it Makes," by Randy L. Maddox. Randy Maddox of Seattle Pacific
University offers in brief outline some challenges to the Left Behind series
from a Wesleyan perspective, pointing the reader to some of Wesley's relevant
sermons, and offering some bibliographical suggestions for further reading.
-
One of the more stimulating treatments of the relationship
between the missional church and eschatology can be found in David Bosch's
ground-breaking book, Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of
Mission (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1991), pp. 498-510.
-
One of the more famous examples of popular eschatology made
concrete is the 1993 Waco disaster. For resources to help understand the Waco
disaster, see
http://www.ambs.edu/ljohns/waco.htm. For a good analysis of the role of
worldview conflicts in such situations, see Jayne Seminare Docherty's book
Learning Lessons from Waco: When the Parties Bring Their Gods to the
Negotiation Table (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2001).
Book of Revelation
"The Book of Revelation is the Jurassic Park of biblical interpretation.
Two thousand years after it was written it can still startle the living
daylights out of a casual reader—or even a lifelong student of the book."
- "Towards an Ethical
Reading of The Apocalypse: Reflections on John’s Use of Power, Violence, and
Misogyny," by David L. Barr, Wright State University. This is one of the
best treatments of the ethics of the book of Revelation, especially with
regard to its handling of power, violence and nonviolence, and its tendency
toward misogyny.
- "Does the Lion
Lie down with the Lamb?" by Steve Moyise in Studies in the Book of
Revelation, ed Steve Moyise (T & T Clark, 2001), pp. 181-194. In contrast
to Barr, Moyise claims that reading the Apocalypse ethically requires reading
against the grain.
- "Stop the
Dating Game: Don't waste your time doing what Jesus said can't be done,"
by Vernard Eller. In this article, Dr. Vernard Eller argues why end-time
speculations are wrong.
- The Most Revealing
Book of the Bible, by Vernard Eller. This full-length commentary on
Revelation was written by Dr. Vernard Eller (see above), Church of the
Brethren author and recently retired professor at LaVerne College. The Church
of the Brethren is a historic peace church.
- "Links
to Revelation, Apocalyptic and Millennial Websites and Materials," by
Professor Felix Just, S.J., Loyola Marymount University. This is one of the
better set of links to web sites that pertain to the book of Revelation and
all things apocalyptic and millennial.
- "The Apocalypse of John
(Book of Revelation): Resources for the Study and Appreciation of Revelation,"
by Loren Johns. I developed this page of some of my favorite resources on the
book of Revelation.
Page created by Dr. Loren L. Johns, Dean,
Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary. Documents posted to the AMBS World Wide
Web site by individual employees of the seminary reflect their own thoughts,
interests and activities. This information does not necessarily represent
official positions and policies of Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary.
Creators of individual pages assume responsibility for the content of their
documents.
Copyright © 2003 by Loren L. Johns. Page last updated 7 March 2003. Send
email to: LJOHNS@AMBS.EDU
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